Archive for April, 2008

March: 2nd Warmest Ever

Monday, April 28th, 2008

“March 2008 was the 2nd warmest March for the the globe on record, according to statistics released by the National Climatic Data Center. Over the Northern Hemisphere, and over all of the globe’s land areas, March 2008 was the warmest March in the 128-year global record. Only the presence of a moderately strong La Niña event that cooled ocean waters in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific prevented March 2008 from surpassing March 2002 as the warmest March on record.”

Jeff Masters

p.s. “Between February 2006 and November 2007, the globe set top ten monthly warm temperature records for 22 straight months.”

Ordinary Men

Saturday, April 26th, 2008

By Will Kirkland, 2002

The police battalion in Poland
           was ordered (with an option to refuse)
To round up the Jews, one thousand, eight hundred
Were marched to the forest, and made to lie down
Shoulder to shoulder, on the summer warm ground.
They were shot at close range.

All of them:
        Fathers and mothers;
                         children beside them;
Fathers of fathers; mothers
                         of mothers’ mothers.
This was a day in July of 1942.

It did not end that day was only the beginning.
Volunteering made easier by drink, the stepping up
and shooting down. Hesitation left. Another day of work to do.
More neighbors slaughtered. Five hundred
It took to murder three thousand…
Times ten and a few hundred thrown in.
One day they groaned among themselves
          we can’t go on.
It’s just like harvest time, said one;
Worse! they all complained
Caressing their shoulders and arms.
We are too old for this a loud one said
           I am thirty-seven, he is forty-two.
Who knew there were so many Jews?

Will Kirkland, 2002
Worked up from C Hedges in “War is a Force that Gives Us Meaning,” p 87-88
See , Christopher Browning, on Reserve Police Battalion 101 of Poland

Jet Streams Creep Poleward

Saturday, April 26th, 2008

The little brightly colored Saturday Earthweek panel in the newspaper caught my eye today, as it often does: monkeys, or elephants, on the rampage, flooding, drought, ice-storms — all the weird weather highlights and animal response in one tight package. And this in particular: “Jet Stream Shift.”

The jet stream, as most of us know, is the enormous river of air, rushing from west to east at about 30,000 feet and up, which we ride for faster trips east, and our pilots try to avoid flying west. More importantly, it is the big player in our everyday weather. Storms, fair weather, heat and cold all are mixed, are shoved and follow this big, undulating air-born boa. And it’s shifting. What could this mean? Isn’t it moving all the time?

Yes it’s moving, as a dancer moves, but the dynamic average of its movement is shifting, away from the center (the tropics) to the edges (the poles.) Both the northern and southern jet streams are inching away from the tropics — which is to say, enlarging the tropics, moving the temperate zones north, making the north and south less arctic.

According to a paper published Friday in the journal Geophysical Research Letters the Northern Hemisphere’s jet stream moved northward on average at a rate of about 1.25 miles a year, 18 feet a day, from 1979 to 2001. The climate follows this movement. The tropics expand at this rate. The butterflies try to respond. The transitional vegetation gets less moisture, more heat: die or mutate. Life changes.

“Bascially look south of where you are and that’s probably a good guess of what your weather may be like in a few decades.”

AP Report

This study follows other reports in 2006 that reversed the cause and effect but were recording the same phenomenon: the widening of the tropics, the dimunition of the poles — with effects already being felt in southern Australia, where as we have seen in recent weeks the 7th year of drought has contributed to alarming spikes in price of grains around the world.

Satellite measurements made from 1979 to 2005 show that the atmosphere in the subtropical regions both north and south of the equator is heating up. As the atmosphere warms, it bulges out at the altitudes where the northern and southern jet streams slip past like swift and massive rivers of air. That bulging has pushed both jet streams about 70 miles closer to the Earth’s poles.

Deserts Expanding

It is not a case of a straight line poleward movement of increased heat, of course. The jet stream undulates, and is now undulating differently. Observers in England in 2007 and Southern California in 2005, of weeks of unusual torrential rain, pointed to unexpected and unexplained swings of the jet stream.

A Change In the Wind

Though none of the scientists involved in the observation and measurement of this movement can pin-point a connection to the larger issue of climate change, they are pretty sure the connection will be found. Meanwhile, the studies go on. The details are filled in. Citizens and governments notice more and being to connect local conditions to larger patterns, call for response. Will it be enough to change our habits and patterns or will they be changed for us by a changing world?

In My Spare Time

Saturday, April 26th, 2008

by Fadhil al-Azzawi
Translated by Khaled Mattawa

During my long, boring hours of spare time
I sit to play with the earth’s sphere.
I establish countries without police or parties
and I scrap others that no longer attract consumers.
I run roaring rivers through barren deserts
and I create continents and oceans
that I save for the future just in case.
I draw a new colored map of the nations:
I roll Germany to the Pacific Ocean teeming with whales
and I let the poor refugees
sail pirates’ ships to her coasts
in the fog
dreaming of the promised garden in Bavaria.
I switch England with Afghanistan
so that its youth can smoke hashish for free
provided courtesy of Her Majesty’s government.
I smuggle Kuwait from its fenced and mined borders
to Comoro, the islands
of the moon in its eclipse,
keeping the oil fields in tact, of course.
At the same time I transport Baghdad
in the midst of loud drumming
to the islands of Tahiti.
I let Saudi Arabic crouch in its eternal desert
to perserve the purity of her thoroughbred camels.
This is before I surrender America
back to the Indians
just to give history
the justice it has long lacked.

I know that changing the world is not easy
but it remains necessary nonetheless.

Bay Area Water

Thursday, April 24th, 2008

Water isn’t only an issue for those who have long depended on glacier melt [see below] or those who live in tidal wetlands like Bangla Desh. Even in the comparatively lush Bay Area, with Sierra snow and heavily capitalized water systems, weather changes will mean life changes.

“All the research around the impact of climate change in California shows potential prolonged droughts, drier winters, more wild swings between drier years and wet years,” said Tony Winnicker, spokesman for the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which provides water to residents of the city as well as communities on the Peninsula. “As water agencies and as consumers, we need to manage our water more wisely. There will never again be a period in California where we don’t have to think about water conservation.”

… Unless rains soak the Bay Area in the next several weeks, the district expects to have about 425,000 acre-feet of water by early fall - 175,000 acre-feet below its optimal 600,000 acre-feet. The board will vote on whether to impose rationing May 13. One acre-foot is the amount of water it would take to flood an acre to a level of one foot. One acre-foot of water equals about 325,000 gallons, which can supply a household of four for one year.

Planning for Drought

Glaciers, Water, The Andes

Thursday, April 24th, 2008

I don’t care if it’s called Global Warming, Global Weirding, Climate Change or Xifurteling, something big is happening. Life is changing for tens of thousands. Common sense evaluations, let alone science, says these changes are connected to an enormous, moving system. Inertia alone, even if the driving forces could be diminished, would keep it going for years. And not enough is being done either to lessen the energy in, or to deal with the consequences.

Throughout the Andean mountain range, high altitude glaciers are melting faster, altering eco-systems, and turning countries such as Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia into test cases for climate change. The U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that rising temperatures could melt most of Latin America’s glaciers by 2022. And as temperatures rise, some experts predict the disappearing glaciers will create water shortages and social unrest.

Edson Ramirez, a hydrologist at San Andres University in La Paz, predicts the Tuni-Condoriri glacier system - which includes Chacaltaya - will be gone within 20 to 30 years.

“There’s no doubt we’re facing a crisis,” he said. “And what’s worse, we simply don’t have the capacity to deal with it.”

The effect of diminishing glaciers is most evident in El Alto, an indigenous community of 800,000 people perched above the capital of La Paz. Waves of mostly Aymara immigrants - the satellite city is growing at between 5 percent and 10 percent a year - arrive daily, fleeing the poverty of their native highlands. With the disappearance of glacial water supplies and a decrepit and poorly managed water company, the city could soon suffer a severe water shortage, experts say.

Glaciers, Water, The Andes

Arctic Haze

Wednesday, April 23rd, 2008
Arctic Haze

Believe it or not, this haze is seen from Svalbard, the northern most part of Norway. The haze comes from aerosols — from all over the world.

Their air samples have been found to contain dust from Asian deserts, salts that swell up moisture, particles from incomplete burning of organic material from forest and cooking fires, and all manner of nasties emitted by automobile tailpipes, factory smokestacks and power plants.

Collectively, they are a United Nations of pollution. Through chemical analysis, the particles can be traced to their sources throughout Asia, Europe and North America.

And the issue isn’t just dirty days, or spectacular sunsets but whether or not the haze is contributing to global warming, particularly in the Arctic where it is already known that soot particulate matter on the snow and ice is absorbing more heat and speeding the ice-melt.


Joling: AP

Further links provided in article to NOAA and NASA.

Polar Bears

Monday, April 21st, 2008

Polar Bears

Vanity Fair outdid itself in the Madonna Issue, May 2008. Not only is the case of White House war crimes covered, and the story on Monsanto and another one about China working to control the weather, but this, about the Polar Bears trying to adapt, and failing, to the de Polarization of their homes.

For years, the warning signs had been piling up. Polar bears are Arctic creatures, spending most of their year on ice off the northern coasts of Canada and the U.S., Greenland, Scandinavia, and Russia. As temperatures in the Arctic warmed at three times the global average, evidence mounted that the ice was receding. The bears’ very habitat was melting away. The consequences were dramatic.

Of the world’s 19 distinct polar-bear populations (with an estimated total of 22,000), the one most carefully studied is in Canada’s western Hudson Bay. Instead of hunting from the ice in late spring and early summer, scooping up newly weaned ringed-seal pups like so many hors d’oeuvres, the bears found the Hudson Bay ice melting all too soon. Many lost significant body mass when forced to swim too early to shore and stay ashore too long. Females bore one cub instead of three. Some starving polar bears engaged in cannibalism. East of Kaktovik, U.S. scientists reported four polar bears drowned. Polar bears are among the world’s best marine-mammal swimmers. They aren’t supposed to drown. But even polar bears can’t swim indefinitely. For those four, the ice edge had receded too far.

Polar Bears

Monsanto Mafia

Monday, April 21st, 2008

You’ve certainly heard about Monsanto’s growing portfolio of Genetically Modified (GM) plants and seeds, drifting into the natural seed stores, its objections to labeling such fruits and plants as what they are, charging larcenous prices to the poor who have no where to turn. No you can add this:

Monsanto relies on a shadowy army of private investigators and agents in the American heartland to strike fear into farm country. They fan out into fields and farm towns, where they secretly videotape and photograph farmers, store owners, and co-ops; infiltrate community meetings; and gather information from informants about farming activities. Farmers say that some Monsanto agents pretend to be surveyors. Others confront farmers on their land and try to pressure them to sign papers giving Monsanto access to their private records. Farmers call them the “seed police” and use words such as “Gestapo” and “Mafia” to describe their tactics.

Vanity Fair Investigation

Cyprus Rainfall Has Fallen by about 20 percent over the past 35 years.

Monday, April 21st, 2008

Drought-hit Cyprus to ship water from Greece

NICOSIA, April 21 (Reuters) - Cyprus, facing its worst drought in a decade, will start importing water from Greece within the next two months, Agriculture Minister Michalis Polinikis said on Monday.

Death Valley, April 2008

Saturday, April 19th, 2008

Death Valley in the morning, at least in early April, is cool. Enough for a second shirt or jacket. The sun rises up over the Amargosa range and slowly washes the Panamints free of the night, starting with the still snow peaked summits of Telescope Peak as white as the salt flats 11,000 feet below on the valley floor will be at noon. The stone in the Panamints is young, a few million years young and as the young will do, still moving west, pulling the valley floor with it. The far side, along the morning shadow of the Black Mountains, is pulled and stretched for millenia and drops, millimeter down. This morning Badwater is 282 feet and a smidgen below sea level . We can see it on a horizon of salt from where we are scouting for water out along the Westside Road. As the shadows gather eastward the Blacks seem to rise as they began to rise 20 to 10 millions of years ago, lifting what would become the Panamints on their backs until they slid, sliding for millions of years to the west, the west, opening a valley between the two ranges. As it deepened, they both, mother and child, shed themselves down into it. The salty, sandy, gravelly floor of the basin, so flat to our eyes now, actually continues down for thousands of feet before it finds bed-rock. Thousands of feet of mountain tops, backs, shoulders and hips washed like dirt down a driveway. The mountains we see are dwarves of their former selves.

I don’t know why most people go to the desert. I’m not sure why I do, again and again. Few go I think because they are true hermits, the Saints Simeon Stylites or Anthony the Great, Li Po or Han-Shan of religion or foundational longing. Most of those I run across in small hamlets perched on the edges of the Mojave or Death Valley are false hermits, saying they want to get away from it all but really content in the small slighting contact of these skeletal communities. Leave me alone, but not completely they seem to say. Though living more modestly than their urbanized kin they are not, by and large, true ascetics. Minimalists perhaps in aluminum house trailers that will never be trailed, a cactus or two let to colonize the sand and gravel that serves as a front yard, a stone walk across it, a television antenna gripped to a corner, even, these days, an internet connection. I don’t think as I see and talk with them they came for what I am finding.

For me it’s like this: You go into the desert dirty and you come out clean.

You go, the first times, with ideas of heat, of thirst, of salt, sand, dirt and rock. You might imagine a lizard gasping at noon, a vulture or two with longings for carrion. You look it up and read about Shorty Harris and borax mines, birds dropping dead from the shock of the super heated air. You might even read of wildflowers and think of bristles on an old man’s chin.

You go and you hit the high spots: Zabriskie Point, Golden Canyon, Badwater, the Mesquite Dunes. You stop at Furnace Creek and ask for a milkshake or the coldest beer in the universe. You might troll through the general store and drop a picture card through the slot to send a Death Valley postmark to a favorite child. And somewhere in those early hours, if you’re lucky, you realize you’ve stepped into another river of time, a river of huge silences and minor riffles of noise. You understand these are silences not just of sound but of sight.

Going to a desert is like going to many other wildernesses. But more.

We go to get away, to flee the clangor and the noise, the press of obligations, the unstoppable tick of things to be done. Sitting for an hour bay side, or trail walking Mt. Tamalpais will do these things for you. Hiking the Adirondacks, or paddling Lake Champlain, pulling yourself up wilderness trails in the Rockies, sailing on the Chesapeake will do these things. But as I noticed yesterday, the desert takes you away as all these do, and then takes you further. In the desert there are no trees rustling in the wind. There are no stays and shrouds slapping on masts. There are no trails lacing a hillside, showing recent decades of humankind. There are no flights of birds. All this visual “noise” is missing.

Nothing is brought to you. Nothing holds you in familiar places and so, if you don’t flee, anxious and unnerved, you enter a place of utter stillness. If you leave the touristed spots and move a hundred yards away, down a graveled road, or up a dry boned ravine you will find it. You empty yourself, as it were, until there are no remnants of the noise of the world outside, aural or visual. There is only stillness. And into that inner stillness begins to seep the being of the outer stillness.

What was once monochrome gray or brown begins to show itself in stripes and subtleties, of oceans long gone, washing the mountains only God remembers down into the still coastal shallows when Nevada was the far edge of a much smaller place, idling its way up from the equator to where it now sits, waiting for California to come sailing in from the west and dock along its flanks.

What was once completely silent now gives way to the popping and crackling of salt as it grows up and out of the underground seeps and builds its fabulous miniature castles, towers and parapets, corbels and crenels. Where once no birds flew now there are one or two, swallows flaring through the sweet day in mating dance, then gone. A killdeer pipes sharply, then sharply is stilled. What was for a while a desolation shows bands and tufts of green – over there, just back here. In the nearness of time the native folk knew this, band after band finding food and water to sustain some years or more before moving on. I think in this place they did not chatter. Their speech was as spare as the land, as colored as the Artists Palette.

That’s why I come. Why I long to come, I think. Not just for the beauty, unexpected. Not just for the surprise of green trees popping up in the middle of the basin - though that begins to get at it. Not just for the exotic thrill of saying “I was there.”

But for the upending of ideas: that desert is beautiful; that desolation is rich with life. That life continues where life ought not. I come for the sensation of smallness, of transitoriness, of foreverness.

I come to find that shedding the clamor of the news, the every ten minute traffic reports, the every two minutes of ads reveals a richness that is buried beneath all that. Is always the same when I return. Endures and is the foundation.

I look at these quiet places and ask myself, would I like to live here, actually? Would the silence eventually rise up and press against the sociability that lives in us all. Would it drive me mad as stories tell of prairie pioneer women cut off from conversation, shared joys and sorrow? It’s not a choice I have now, wearing the light garment of other choices I have made, so I don’t linger on it. I am satisfied.

Like my earliest girlfriend who discovered, awe struck with Van Gogh’s “Starry Night” that having twenty postcards of it didn’t increase the pleasure. She gave them all away and lived with her remembrance. So I believe I come back to Death Valley, and will often, to empty my well as much as it is possible, to empty into emptiness, to find again the fullness of the silence where the bones of the mountains exude the fragrance of our own brief transit. To become strong out of silence.

Salt Castles
the Devil’s Golf Course
Salt Castles

Cactus Flowers

From Westside Road
Towards the Panamints

Snow on the Peaks
Salt in the Basin

Dan Dusicoe time exposure of Death Valley from the Racetrack

Hot Politics

Saturday, April 19th, 2008

HotPolitics

Good stuff in a PBS Frontline report, from timelines, to interviews and more readings. See particularly part 2 “Politics” at about 4:50 in,for a few unflattering frames about Clinton and Gore.

Go Get It!

Ocean Acidification: One Tiny Good Sign

Saturday, April 19th, 2008

There’s not much good to report on these days and truth be told this story isn’t all that good, but then again, it’s not bad.

Contrary to expectations, a microscopic plant that lives in oceans around the world may thrive in the changing ocean conditions of the coming decades, a team of scientists reported Thursday.

The main threat to many marine organisms is not global warming but ocean acidification, as carbon dioxide from the air dissolves into the water and turns into carbonic acid. Acid dissolves calcium carbonate in the skeletons of corals, for example; many scientists fear that acidification of the oceans will kill many, if not most, coral reefs by the end of the century.

Similar concerns have been raised about coccolithophores, single-cell, carbonate-encased algae that are a major link in the ocean food chain. Earlier experiments with a species of coccolithophore, Emiliania huxleyi, had found that lower pH levels (more acidic) hindered the algae’s ability to build the disks of carbonate that form its shell.

In Friday’s issue of the journal Science, however, scientists … report that they found the exact opposite. The algae grew bigger in the more acidic water.

The bad news is at the end of the article. Though this anchor in the food chain might thrive, “The hopeful news for coccolithophores, however, does not overturn the gloomy predictions for corals or negate ocean acidification as an impending ecological disruption…

Important Algae Might Thrive

Salmon Season Nonexistent

Tuesday, April 15th, 2008

The SF Chronicle has had a couple of front page, full color treatments of the salmon season disaster. Even the far away NY Times understands: this is bad stuff. Not only economically — commercial fisherman are going the way of buggy makers — but as a harbinger of a host of other bad news.

Faced with the collapse of the fall Chinook salmon run in the Sacramento River, the Pacific Fishery Management Council voted Thursday to cancel all commercial salmon fishing this year from the California coast to north-central Oregon. The season was to have begun on May 1.

“This is a complete disaster by any standard,” said Don Hansen, the council chairman.

… The warning signals of the collapse came last fall. Among the adult salmon that return from the ocean to spawn in the rivers of their birth are immature ones that have spent as little as a year in the ocean. The quantity of these younger fish, called jacks, is a reliable predictor of the abundance of the next year’s run. Last fall, the count of the fall Chinook jacks from the Sacramento River was less than 6 percent of the long-term average.

Two factors are suspected. One is federally sanctioned diversion of water from the Sacramento River into the irrigation system used by farmers in the Central Valley of California. The other is a climate-driven change in the normal upwellings in the ocean that could have deprived the young fish of food.

Salmon Season Gone

Food First

Tuesday, April 15th, 2008

Quite a few of us have voiced our concern over the rush to bio-fuels. Like the new economic paradigm where billions can be sloshed around the world in seconds, with disruptions predictable, the rush to convert food crops to fuel crops has been done too fast with too little forethought. It’s a wonder what a few riots will do, however….

…reaction is building against policies in the United States and Europe to promote ethanol and similar fuels, with political leaders from poor countries contending that these fuels are driving up food prices and starving poor people. Biofuels are fast becoming a new flash point in global diplomacy, putting pressure on Western politicians to reconsider their policies, even as they argue that biofuels are only one factor in the seemingly inexorable rise in food prices.

In some countries, the higher prices are leading to riots, political instability and growing worries about feeding the poorest people.

Fuel and Food

Rioting in Cairo, Egypt is just one of many protests in the last weeks.

Thousands of demonstrators angry about rising prices and stagnant salaries hurled bricks at police who responded with tear gas Sunday in this gritty northern industrial town as Egyptians defied government warnings and staged a nationwide strike.

Egyptians Riot

CO2 Mapping

Sunday, April 13th, 2008

The Vulcan Project, an US wide data mapping of CO2 emissions, appears at first to correlate emissions with population density. However, closer inspection reveals surprises, such as carbon dioxide clustered in semirural areas of the Southeastern United States, where manufacturing has shifted from the Northeast and Midwest.

“We’ve pushed power plants to where people don’t live, so emissions have gotten spread out. Interstates run out in the middle of nowhere,” Gurney said.

Read more about Vulcan