Archive for July, 2008

Solar Energy Storage Breakthrough

Thursday, July 31st, 2008

This could be very promising indeed.

In a revolutionary leap that could transform solar power from a marginal, boutique alternative into a mainstream energy source, MIT researchers have overcome a major barrier to large-scale solar power: storing energy for use when the sun doesn’t shine.

Until now, solar power has been a daytime-only energy source, because storing extra solar energy for later use is prohibitively expensive and grossly inefficient. With today’s announcement, MIT researchers have hit upon a simple, inexpensive, highly efficient process for storing solar energy.

Inspired by the photosynthesis performed by plants, Nocera and Matthew Kanan, a postdoctoral fellow in Nocera’s lab, have developed an unprecedented process that will allow the sun’s energy to be used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen gases.[which can be stored] Later, the oxygen and hydrogen may be recombined inside a fuel cell, creating carbon-free electricity to power your house or your electric car, day or night.

More at Wired.

A ‘Dead Zone’ in The Gulf of Mexico

Wednesday, July 30th, 2008

Scientists Say Area That Cannot Support Some Marine Life Is Near Record Size

The “dead zone” in the Gulf of Mexico, an area on the seabed with too little oxygen to support fish, shrimp, crabs and other forms of marine life, is nearly the largest on record this year, about 8,000 square miles, researchers said this week.

Only the churning effects of Hurricane Dolly last week, they said, prevented the dead zone from being the largest ever.

The problem of hypoxia, very low levels of dissolved oxygen, is a downstream effect of fertilizers used for agriculture in the Mississippi River watershed. Nitrogen is the major culprit, flowing into the Gulf and spurring the growth of algae. Animals called zooplankton eat the algae, excreting pellets that sink to the bottom like tiny stones. This organic matter decays in a process that depletes the water of oxygen.

Researchers expected the dead zone to set a record — even more than the 8,500 square miles observed in 2002 — after the Mississippi, swollen with floodwaters, carried an extraordinary amount of nitrates into the Gulf, about 37 percent more than last year and the most since these factors began being measured in 1970.

Dead Zone

Not Just Martini Ice

Wednesday, July 30th, 2008

Ice Break Up

A chunk of ice spreading across 18 square kilometers (7 square miles) has broken off a Canadian ice shelf in the Arctic, scientists said Tuesday.

Derek Mueller, a researcher at Trent University, was careful not to blame global warming but said the event was consistent with the theory that the current Arctic climate isn’t rebuilding ice sheets.

“We’re in a different climate now,” he said. “It’s not conducive to regrowing them. It’s a one-way process.”

Mueller said the sheet broke away last week from the Ward Hunt Ice Shelf off the north coast of Ellesmere Island in Canada’s far north. He said a crack in the shelf was spotted in 2002, and a survey this spring found a network of fissures.

The sheet is the biggest piece shed by one of Canada’s six ice shelves since the Ayles shelf broke loose in 2005 from the coast of Ellesmere, about 500 miles from the North Pole.

Ice Break Off

Watermills in Northern Ireland

Monday, July 28th, 2008

WaterMills The world’s first commercial tidal-power system has been connected to the National Grid in Northern Ireland. Built by the British tidal-energy company Marine Current Technologies (MCT), the 1.2-megawatt system consists of two submerged turbines that are harvesting energy from Strangford Lough’s tidal currents. The company expects that once the system, called SeaGen, is fully operational, it will be able to provide electricity to approximately one thousand homes.

Technology Review

Flooding in Eastern Europe

Monday, July 28th, 2008

Floods in western Ukraine have killed 22 people, destroyed homes, farmland and roads and prompted the evacuation of 20,000 residents, officials said on Monday.

A senior government official [Ukraine] at the weekend described the flooding as the worst in a century.

Five Days of Rain

Flooding in New Mexico

Monday, July 28th, 2008

New Mexico, for all the images of cactus and dry plains is no stranger to flooding. When the monsoon season hits the dry earth doesn’t soak in the rain and flash flooding is commonplace. The remnants of Hurricane Dolly, however, brought new records to the state.

an estimated 6.6 inches of rain fell in Ruidoso, N.M., over a 48-hour period. The state’s official single-day rainfall record of 2.3 inches was shattered when an estimated 4.6 inches fell there Saturday night and Sunday morning, the newspaper said.

New Mexico: Dolly Flooding

More Fires in California

Sunday, July 27th, 2008

Just barely two weeks past ferocious wildfires in California another lifts its licking tongues — this time near Yosemite Valley.

An out-of-control wildfire burning Sunday near an entrance to Yosemite National Park has forced hundreds of residents to flee as flames whipped through a rugged canyon untouched by fire for a century.

The fast-spreading blaze has charred 16,000 acres since Friday as wooded slopes ignited amid hot, dry conditions that have plagued California for months. The steep terrain west of the park is overgrown with dense brush that is fueling the flames, fire officials said.

“There’s no fire history in the past 100 hundred years. That’s one of the reasons this fire’s been able to burn so erratically,” said Daniel Berlant, spokesman for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.

The wildfire led officials to order the evacuations of 170 homes under immediate threat. About 2,000 homes faced at least some danger from the fast-spreading flames, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection.


Yosemite Fire

Carbon Cutters Team Up

Thursday, July 24th, 2008

It’s a rare day that something significant about the environment doesn’t appear on the front page of the SF Chronicle. I’m forgiving them for the bad old days of murder following mayhem

California, six other Western states and four Canadian provinces launched plans on Wednesday for one of the world’s largest carbon-trading systems, a sweeping effort to cut greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global warming.

The North American program, like a similar market-based system in Europe, focuses on heavy polluters such as electric utilities, oil refineries and large industrial and commercial facilities.

Environmental groups immediately questioned whether the plan will be tough enough on polluters, while industry groups said the program lacks details.

California officials said the proposal will be an integral part of the Golden State’s ambitious goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 30 percent by 2020, as required by the landmark legislation AB32 that the Legislature approved and Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed in 2006.

Carbon Trading Plan

Ethanol Being Beaten Back

Thursday, July 24th, 2008

The problem with ethanol as a fuel source isn’t that bio-mass conversion of living matter to fuel doesn’t work but that the first big effort was to grab the low hanging fruit — the grains that we all need just to live, much less to be mobile at high speeds. Work is continuing on converting weeds, switch grass and even garbage into fuel. Those pushing corn and other grains into the hopper are running into some serious push back.

The ethanol industry, until recently a golden child that got favorable treatment from Washington, is facing a critical decision on its future.

Gov. Rick Perry of Texas is asking the Environmental Protection Agency to temporarily waive regulations requiring the oil industry to blend ever-increasing amounts of ethanol into gasoline. A decision is expected in the next few weeks.

Mr. Perry says the billions of bushels of corn being used to produce all that mandated ethanol would be better suited as livestock feed than as fuel.

Feed prices have soared in the last two years as fuel has begun competing with food for cropland.

Ethanol Push Back

Nissan Opens Electric Car Plant in Tennessee

Thursday, July 24th, 2008

The news about non oil based auto fuels is hitting the business pages with some regularity — no longer just the alternative tree-hugging press. Admittedly electric cars are not necessarily carbon free — and won’t be for a long time, but once the infrastructure is in place to deliver electrical re-charges to vehicles then the longer term transition from coal and oil electrical production to production by wind, solar, biomass and more can pick up speed.

As Nissan dedicated its new $100 million Americas corporate headquarters in Cool Springs on Tuesday, President and Chief Executive Carlos Ghosn announced that the automaker had signed a “memorandum of understanding” with Gov. Phil Bredesen to work together with the state and the Tennessee Valley Authority to develop a recharging network in Middle Tennessee.

Ghosn in May said Nissan would begin selling electric vehicles for fleet use in the United States in 2010, and plans to make them available to the mass market as early as 2012.

Nissan Electric in Tennessee

The PB&J Solution

Monday, July 21st, 2008

Only slightly tongue in cheek Ezra points out:

Each time you have a plant-based lunch like a PB&J you’ll reduce your carbon footprint by the equivalent of 2.5 pounds of carbon dioxide emissions over an average animal-based lunch like a hamburger, a tuna sandwich, grilled cheese, or chicken nuggets. For dinner you save 2.8 pounds and for breakfast 2.0 pounds of emissions.


Jam On

A Precipitous Rise in Extreme Rainfall

Monday, July 21st, 2008

Global warming has been expected to bring not only droughts, but also floods, because what rain you get comes hammering down harder. And the downpours of the future now look to be even more drenching than expected.

A new Nature Geoscience paper (subscription required) considers the intensity of precipitation measured hour by hour for a century in the Dutch town of De Bilt. Theoretically, it’s thought that the intensity of rainfall, including the biggest cloudbursts, should rise by 7% for each degree Celsius that the temperature goes up. That’s based on a thermodynamics equation called the Clausius-Clapeyron relation - and it’s what you see if you look at extreme rainfall on the scale of days.

But it’s the rainiest hours, not the rainiest days, that interest the paper’s authors, Geert Lenderink and Erik Van Meijgaard of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. That turns out to make a difference.

Looking at the intensity of those rainiest hours, they find that although the 7% scale holds in cold weather, it tips up to about 14% once the temperature hits 12 degrees Celsius.

Climate Feedback on Rainfall

Pickens Commercial

Monday, July 21st, 2008

T. Boone Pickens has done the impossible. The billionaire Texas oil man changed my father, a man who listens to entirely too much talk radio, from saying that oil alternatives are so much flooey and we should get real and drill in Alaska, to saying we must look beyond oil for our energy future. This commercial did it.

Pensito

Cheney Forced EPA Climate Change Change

Sunday, July 20th, 2008

From Congressman Edward J. Markey’s Select Committee on Energy Independence and Global Warming:

Executive summary

I. President Bush’s Deputy Chief of Staff Joel Kaplan and numerous heads of cabinet agencies and White House offices endorsed EPA’s finding that greenhouse gas emissions endanger public welfare, and EPA’s proposal that both vehicle and stationary source greenhouse gas emissions should be regulated under the clean air act.

II. There was widespread agreement within the Bush administration that greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles endanger public welfare and should be regulated.

III. EPA additionally concluded that greenhouse gas emissions from stationary sources such as power plants and refineries should also be regulated using clean air act authority.

IV. The oil industry argued against regulatory action, and had the support of the office of Vice President Cheney.

V. Doing the oil industry’s bidding, the Bush administration reversed course.

[...others, including oil industry representatives from ExxonMobil, the American Petroleum Institute, and the National Petrochemicals and Refiners Association...argued that regulations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions would tarnish the President’s anti-regulatory legacy and therefore should be best left to the next President.]

The Report (pdf)

Committee Chairman Edward J. Markey (D-Mass.) said in a news release: “This is the dysfunctions and motivations of the Bush administration laid bare. The fact that they can, with near unanimity, completely switch positions on global warming to please the oil industry is shocking, and yet disappointingly predictable.”

Gerstenzang: LA Times

Gore: Carbon Free Power by 2020

Thursday, July 17th, 2008

“I don’t remember a time in our country when so many things seemed to be going so wrong simultaneously. Our economy is in terrible shape and getting worse, gasoline prices are increasing dramatically, and so are electricity rates. Jobs are being outsourced. Home mortgages are in trouble. Banks, automobile companies and other institutions we depend upon are under growing pressure. Distinguished senior business leaders are telling us that this is just the beginning unless we find the courage to make some major changes quickly.

The climate crisis, in particular, is getting a lot worse - much more quickly than predicted. Scientists with access to data from Navy submarines traversing underneath the North polar ice cap have warned that there is now a 75 percent chance that within five years the entire ice cap will completely disappear during the summer months. This will further increase the melting pressure on Greenland. According to experts, the Jakobshavn glacier, one of Greenland’s largest, is moving at a faster rate than ever before, losing 20 million tons of ice every day, equivalent to the amount of water used every year by the residents of New York City.

Two major studies from military intelligence experts have warned our leaders about the dangerous national security implications of the climate crisis, including the possibility of hundreds of millions of climate refugees destabilizing nations around the world. ”

Gore on Crisis Facing US

Andrew Revkin presents the speech broken down by paragraphs, each one allowing comments. Remarkable number pooh-poohing it all…

Jerome a Paris posts a long technical response at The Oil Drum. His final paragraph:

While a goal of 100% of carbon-free electricity is probably unrealistic, it therefore seems possible to get pretty close to that, especially if nuclear and hydro are included in the mix. A plan that announced a specific goal of 40-50% of wind-generated electricity by 2020 and 10-20% of solar, with the appropriate feed-in mechanisms, demand guarantees for manufacturers and investment in the grid would therefore be realistic, make economic sense, and fulfill two major strategic goals: reduce carbon emissions, and lower fossil fuel demand.

And Texas is well on the way, with T. Boone Pickens investing millions in windmills and today the Texas PUC voted for new transmission lines to get the power into the cities.

In what experts say is the biggest investment in the clean and renewable energy in U.S. history, utility officials in the Lone Star State gave preliminary approval Thursday to a $4.9 billion plan to build new transmission lines to carry wind-generated electricity from gusty West Texas to urban areas like Dallas.

Rain in the Antarctic Freezing Penguins

Wednesday, July 16th, 2008

Baby Antarctic penguins being frozen to death by freak rain storms

Tens of thousands of newly-born penguins are freezing to death as Antarctica is lashed by freak rain storms.

Scientists believe the numbers of Adelie penguins may have fallen by as much as 80 per cent – and, if the downpours continue, the species will be extinct within ten years.

And the Emperor penguin – made famous in the Oscar-winning documentary March Of The Penguins – is also under threat.

Temperatures on the Antarctic peninsula have risen by 3C over the past 50 years to an average of -14.7C and rain is now far more common than snow.

Adelie penguins are born with a thin covering of down and it takes 40 days for them to grow protective water-repellent feathers. With epic rains drenching their ancestral nesting grounds, their parents try to protect them. But when the adults leave to fish for food, or are killed by predators such as seals, the babies become soaked to the skin and die from hypothermia.

‘Everyone talks about the melting of the glaciers but having day after day of rain in Antarctica is a totally new phenomenon. As a result, penguins are literally freezing to death,’ said Jon Bowermaster, a New York-based explorer who has recently returned from Antarctica.

Daily Mail
Original URL

Vertical Farms

Wednesday, July 16th, 2008

Switch Grass

Sunday, July 13th, 2008

Switch grass can be grown on non agricultural land and used intelligently could be used as a bio fuel without increasing the price of corn and the foods that depend on it.

Switch Grass.

More Solar in SoCal

Saturday, July 12th, 2008

A big new solar plant was approved by the California PUC this week, though not of the solar thermal kind. To be built down near Blythe, this will be acres and acres of solar panels — the largest installation in the state when it’s finished.

Solar Gets Hot

[Another, similar, is going up in Florida, slightly larger at 25 MW, than the California plant.]

They need to hurry it up though. There are only about 136 megawatts of solar in California now, roughly enough for 136,000 homes. This new one will add 21 MW more. There are something like 5.6 million households in California and while not every household is necessarily a home, the gap is still enormous. Solar and wind together only contribute about 2% of current energy needs.

The articles today that the federal tax credits deemed necessary for faster renewables development are in jeopardy of not being renewed show once again how little focused on our energy problems the Congress is.

More Investment in Clean

Saturday, July 12th, 2008

The ship may be finally starting to turn, or at least the officers — those in control — are starting to talk about turning it. Yep, looks like a serious situation out there. Better nudge the helm a half a point to port…

Intel Capital is boosting its investments in clean technology startups as a way to develop new sources of power for Intel processors.

The chipmaker’s corporate venture arm, one of Silicon Valley’s largest, said this week it put 24 million euros in a German company, Sulfurcell, which converts sunlight into electricity by using modules coated with a thin metallic film.

Intel Raising Stake in Clean Tech