Archive for the ‘Species’ Category

Humans Overwhelming the Homestead

Sunday, December 19th, 2010

Grassland butterflies plummet across Europe

Europe is facing huge losses in biodiversity as its grassland butterflies have declined by over 70% in the last 20 years. Data collected by professionals and volunteers on more than 3000 sites in 15 countries show, that the populations of 17 butterfly species specialized to grassland habitat suffer from severe declines.

Christmas Beetles Disappearing in Australia

… kids growing up in the city today may never know the sound of christmas beetles beating against the screen door in the run up to the festive season – and scientists believe it is man who is to blame.

In and around Sydney, the beetles’ numbers are falling as the city’s expansion demolishes their feeding grounds.

Mistletoe in England Likely to Vanish

Conservationists warn today that mistletoe, favourite plant both of pagans and stealers ofChristmas kisses, could vanish from the nation’s halls and doorways within 20 years.

The National Trust fears that the decline of traditional apple orchards, where mistletoe thrives, may lead to the parasitic plant disappearing – or becoming much harder to obtain.

Three articles collected by Earthwatch reminding us of the effects of human habitation on the home.

Grassland butterflies plummet across Europe

Europe is facing huge losses in biodiversity as its grassland butterflies have declined by over 70% in the last 20 years. Data collected by professionals and volunteers on more than 3000 sites in 15 countries show, that the populations of 17 butterfly species specialized to grassland habitat suffer from severe declines.

Eagles make comeback at Hawk Mountain

Sunday, December 19th, 2010

As an amateur birder who waited in vain at Hawk Mountain, Pennsylvania one late autumn afternoon to see anything of note this is welcome news.

Once near extinction, the American bald eagle is making a major comeback.

Bird-watchers at Hawk Mountain Sanctuary in Albany Township counted a record number of eagles during this year’s migratory season raptor count, which began Aug.15 and ended Wednesday.

Spotters counted 406 bald eagles, demolishing the former record of 255 in 2008.

Chimps Too Wage War

Saturday, July 3rd, 2010

While I was hiding out from the news for a week or so, this little myth destroyer appeared.  One of the ways some have convinced themselves that war is a human aberration is to point at other mammals and especially our closest hominian cousins: they might fight but they don’t organize themselves for it!  Well, it seems that some do — and pretty viciously.

A band of males, up to 20 or so, will assemble in single file and move to the edge of their territory. They fall into unusual silence as they penetrate deep into the area controlled by the neighboring group. They tensely scan the treetops and startle at every noise. “It’s quite clear that they are looking for individuals of the other community,” Dr. Mitani says.

When the enemy is encountered, the patrol’s reaction depends on its assessment of the opposing force. If they seem to be outnumbered, members of the patrol will break file and bolt back to home territory. But if a single chimp has wandered into their path, they will attack. Enemy males will be held down, then bitten and battered to death. Females are usually let go, but their babies will be eaten.

NY Times: Wade

[Warning!  Chimp on chimp violence shown.]

One study doesn’t make the case completely of course, but ten years of watching, documenting, taking pictures is a very persuasive start.  Could be something in this group’s water, or peculiarities in their environment that make them unique, but that’s a “could be.”  Not every expert is persuaded but all are interested.

For myself I prefer to think of the “hard wiring” that we may have inherited from our chimpy ancestors as more like “firm ware,” something that can be re-programmed as our knowledge of and agreement about, war, grows in depth and strength. Rationality and empathy are hard wired, too.

Dogs Protect Penguins

Saturday, January 10th, 2009

In what is believed to be a world first, a Maremma Guardian dog has been successfully used to protect Little Penguin and Shearwater colonies from fox and dog predation on Middle Island in Warrnambool.

Middle Island is part of the Thunder Point Coastal Reserve and is managed by the Warrnambool City Council (WCC) with much support from local community. The Island has a history of foxes and dogs preying upon the Little Penguin and Short-tailed Shearwaters colonies that inhabit the Island.

The Little Penguin population has been decimated from estimates of more than 600 in the year 2000 to fewer than 10 in 2005. For several years, the WCC has implemented a fox control strategy which included shooting, fumigation and trapping. While showing some minor successes, it failed to sustain the Little Penguin population. Along came the idea of ‘Oddball’, a Maremma Guardian dog who could live on Middle Island and protect the seabird colonies from predation in their critical time of breeding.

Fish Stock Plummeting

Wednesday, November 26th, 2008

We’ll all be vegans with no choice about it….

…walleye pollack, which accounts for a third of the total US fish catch, is … in danger.

Fisheries scientists met last week in Seattle and recommended that next year’s catch in the eastern Bering Sea, the main walleye pollack-fishing region for US boats, be cut by 18% to 815,000 tonnes. See the report (pdf format).

A series of cuts in recent years have seen the quota drop from almost 1,500,000 tonnes in 2005.
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In addition there is tuna:

The collapse of north Atlantic cod populations could provide an important lesson for preventing tuna from suffering a similar fate worldwide, researchers say.

Over-fishing caused Canada’s cod industry to plummet in value from $1.4 billion in 1968 to just $10 million in 2004. Now researchers warn that tuna fisheries worldwide are on the brink of a similar collapse.

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And see Andrew Revkin’s The (Tuna) Tragedy of the Commons

Salmon Fishing Banned

Friday, May 2nd, 2008

We knew this was going to happen, following reports last month of the near disappearance of the fall run. Still, the gong itself going off in the ear is a confirmation of the dread of anticipation.

More needs to be said about the economic impact. 80% income loss for some, whose livelihood was never very lucrative. More needs to be known about the mechanisms of the collapse and how, if at all, they can be put back to rights. As with every alarm, from the spotted owl, to the gray wolf, it is not only the creatures themselves that should cause concern, but the patterns of life linked. Or, if the salmon are gone, how many degrees of separation are we?

Salmon Fishing Banned

To add to the larger picture, we have a new report in Science:

“Low-oxygen zones where sea life is threatened or cannot survive are growing as the oceans are heated by global warming, researchers warn.

Oxygen-depleted zones in the central and eastern equatorial Atlantic and equatorial Pacific oceans appear to have expanded over the last 50 years…”

The LA Times has a more detailed article about these “hypoxic zones,” or zones of low oxygen, “eerily echo[ing] a scenario that unfolded about 250 million years ago, when 95% of life on Earth went extinct after heat-trapping carbon dioxide spewing from volcanoes warmed the planet and the oceans became stripped of oxygen.”

CA Oil Spill Update

Tuesday, November 27th, 2007

“About 2,150 birds have been found dead or have died at the bird rescue center since Nov. 7, the day the Cosco Busan crashed into the Bay Bridge and spilled 58,000 gallons of heavy bunker fuel oil.

Bird experts figure that for every bird found dead or alive, about five to 10 others go unreported because they sink at sea, get eaten by predators or fly elsewhere. That would put the fatality number at up to 21,500 birds.”

Birds Still Dying