Archive for the ‘Torture’ Category

The Devil You Don’t Know: Going Back to Iraq — Zuhair Al-Jezairy

Thursday, June 9th, 2011

Iraq is, in the words of Zuhair al-Jezairy in The Devil You Don’t Know, his memoir/reportage of returning  there after 25 years in exile,  ”a succession of scattered moments. Each new event erases the previous one and consigns it to oblivion.”   At least that is how he saw it  from 2003 when he crossed the border through early 2009 when he finished writing.  The book itself reflects this — a succession of scattered moments.  As he says near the end, about a documentary film project he and a friend took on for a while:  ”the camera hardly knows where to turn.”  There is so much to be seen and captured, held until a time when narratives once again  are able to give shape to the explosion of events.  So it is with his writer’s eye, turning here and there in a whirlwind of impressions, from finding his family home after so many years, to judging the distance of falling mortars while eating with friends.  And, since it is a book about returning it is also a book about memory — what a person, or a building, or their lack, recalls to him from the last time they he saw them.  This is familiar to all of us who have returned to scenes of our youth; it is the stuff of many good memoirs.  Most of us, however, do not return to scenes of unimaginable violence, sectarian warfare and people traumatized by thirty years of terror. Al-Jezairy does.

 

The first half of the book follows the path of his return, geographically, and emotionally.  As a young man Al-Jezairy came of age, along with many of his peers around the world, protesting the U.S. war in Vietnam.  More than that, he was in Jordan and Lebanon during fierce wars in each.   He fled Iraq in 1979 as Saddam Hussein and the Ba’ath party to power with a wave of assassinations, escaping into Jordan with an assumed name and false passport to spend years as in exile. He’s coming back to Iraq on the heels of another U.S. invasion — but about which he has much more divided emotions.

I am divided against myself: against anyone who supports the war (and ready to argue it out almost to the point of blows — how can any person of culture support a war which is destroying his country and killing his people?) And yet, I am against those who oppose the war  (they want to prolong the dictatorship, whether they admit it or not.) (more…)

In The Country of Men – Hisham Matar, Libya

Tuesday, May 10th, 2011

The news from Libya this month is increasingly grim.  It turns out it is extremely difficult merely to protect civilians.  There is no magic shield that identifies civilians and encapsulates them away from the ravages of tyrants.  Instead, certain civilians have to be chosen, and their fighters along with them, and the battle joined –perhaps righteous, perhaps not; perhaps the sane vs the maniacs, perhaps not; perhaps merely our more tractable new acquaintances vs our intractable old ones.

The news for civilians in Libya from earlier years was not much better. The years 1977-79, following the publication of Colonel Ghadaffi’s idiosyncratic Green Book and consolidation of his “People’s Authority,” idea of national organization, along with the invasion of neighboring Chad, were particularly ugly, especially if the adults in the family had not fallen in line with the Guide, The Savior of the Nation, Brother Leader Muammar el Qaddafi.

“Just then the chaotic cheering merged into a chant, even the camerman and the one beside him joined in:  ”El-Fateh, the revolution of the masses!  El-Fateh, the republic!”  Chaotic shouting reigned again before another chant emerged: “With our blood!  With our soul!  We’ll defend our Guide!

…The crowd’s chanting and cheering was so loud, so hysterical and constant, that it fused into a continuous hum, like the hum of a giant vacuum cleaner.  When the people calmed down the camera …zoomed in and we could see that the handcuffed man sitting on the floor of the National Basketball Stadium was Ustath Rasheed.  His forehead shone with sweat.  His mustache too was moist, tears slivered his cheeks.  He didn’t cry honorably, he cried like a baby… The crowd was jumping now, jumping and howling, Hang the traitor!  Hang the traitor!”

So it’s a wonder that a lyrical and moving short novel could be written about these events but one has been.  In the Country of Men is Hisham Matar’s debut novel.  Within a week of his agent submitting it British publishers were in a bidding war.  It was short listed for the prestigious Man Booker Prize in 2006. It will lodge in your heart.

This is not a political novel of the ins and outs of adults in a mortal combat with a dictator, or a fictionalized history of factions or great arenas of time and place.  It is a memory of six months or so of a nine year old boy in the large family house on the shores of the Mediterranean, loved by his mother, comfortable with his friends, exploratory and curious about the adult world.  Moosa, and ex-pat Egyptian and his father’s best friend is often at the house.  His mother, for all her love, is strange, from the opening pages.  She always gets “sick” when his father is away on business;  Suleiman feels totally responsible for her:

“I couldn’t leave her side, wondering if, like one of those hand puppets that play dead, she would bounce up again, light another cigarette.    Baba never knew, since she only got sick when he was away on business..

And no wonder he feels this.  The bond between the two is almost too warm for western eyes; they lie in bed and snuggle on many mornings.  She says to him:

“We are two halves of the same soul, two open pages of the same book…”

(more…)

Torture Applause

Monday, June 18th, 2007

Read this at your own risk.

“From the moment a soldier enlists, we inculcate loyalty, duty, honor, integrity, and selfless service,” Taguba said. “And yet when we get to the senior-officer level we forget those values. I know that my peers in the Army will be mad at me for speaking out, but the fact is that we violated the laws of land warfare in Abu Ghraib. We violated the tenets of the Geneva Convention. We violated our own principles and we violated the core of our military values. The stress of combat is not an excuse, and I believe, even today, that those civilian and military leaders responsible should be held accountable.” ♦

Seymour Hersh has a long piece in the New Yorker that you should really read in several sittings. Centered around Major General Anthony Taguba who was assigned, by a spin of the wheel, to investigate the Abu Ghraib revelations of late 2003. Taguba did what he could, thoroughly and diligently. But he had been instructed by his superiors to investigate only the Military Police at the prison; not those higher in the chain of command and not those in O.G.A.s –other governmental agencies — such as the CIA or even the 205th Military Intelligence Brigade. Like early investigators of why maggots appear on meat without considering the flies that lay their eggs there, the answers could explain nothing, and Taguba knows it.

There is much to scream about reading Hersh’s report. The beaches should be filled this weekend with citizens demosthenizing at the waves. The torture itself was appalling. There was much more than has hit the popular press, including anal forcing and injury to female detainees. Is there any question why the insurgencies and furies have grown and metastasized in Iraq? The multiple sources and chains of (ir)responsibility with one interrogation group not knowing what another group was doing, or manipulating one another by innuendo and fear is a case study in how not to get actionable intelligence, all the while covered over with the cloak of super patriotism and aiding the boys in the field. The cover-your-ass cover-up by the highest command authority, the multi-starred generals, freezes us in our tracks. These are the guys entrusted with the national defense and they don’t want to know what is going on. Not one fucking man was brave enough to stand up and be one. When they saw what Taguba was reporting they turned their backs on him. Eventually he was forced to retire. Congress is its genial ineptness has done no better in getting to the top of this. Rumsfeld bald-facedly lied about what he knew before Congress and yet remained in his position for 2 1/2 years.

As a citizen, I feel filthy myself, splattered with the shit of these men cavorting in the cesspools of human behavior.

Of course it would be wrong to focus entirely on these gentlemen of the stars, bars and ribbons. Last week at the Republican Whorse Show the audience went wild in applauding candidates’ call for more torture of the captured. McCain alone, speaking against it, was greeted in stony silence. Perhaps these fine folks would like to start summer camps so their kids could experience what they so highly approve of.

Fear Up Harsh

Monday, June 11th, 2007

Tony Lagouranis was a soldier. An American soldier. An American soldier who tortured Iraqis.

He conducted mock executions, forced men and boys into agonising stress positions, kept suspects awake for weeks on end, used dogs to terrify detainees and subjected others to hypothermia.

I don’t know how he is going to cleanse his self loathing. As he says himself, he deserves it. Guilt is natural. It is built into us. Yet, for some actions no amount of guilt will compensate for the evil done. Lagouranis is trying at least, if not to repair what he has done, to help others see into the bottom of the pit.

I heard him interviewed on NPR today. Of everything he said, what stuck me most was that many soldiers there wanted to torture. Men walking by the interrogation cells wanted to have a hand in it– not to get information. They wanted to dominate. They didn’t even know who the prisoners were, or what they might have done. They wanted to terrify them.

Lagouranis knew he was in the pit himself when he understood he was reading a Holocaust memoir for tips on torture.

Fear Up Harsh His book is called Fear Up Harsh: An Army Interrogator’s Dark Journey Through Iraq and he’s making the rounds talking about it. One longs for interviews of pornographers instead.

He is articulate, and repentant. He knows what he did and says many others did it. He knows the history; that the US went off the rails with emulations of the Soviets and the British (against the IRA.) He knows, given the proper circumstances, that almost everyone can be persuaded that torture of the enemy is just the thing. [See the Lucifer Effect - Zimbardo] I hope he can find peace in himself and that he helps others find the courage to do what he could not do: STOP.

He thinks he got not one piece of relevant information, saved not one soldier. He thinks it happened because those at the top wanted it to happen and that the US is losing the war in good part because as a strategy torture is a guaranteed loser. Nowhere in the history of the world has an army tortured its way to victory.

[A caller opined that torture had worked for the French in Algeria -- because he had just seen "The Battle of Algiers." Darius Rejali, another guest on the show and professor of political science at Reed College, suggested the caller stop watching movies and read the data. Rejali has spent the last ten years reading, in French, recent memoirs of the now elderly junior soldiers and logs and reports of the era. Didn't work then; isn't working now; won't work tomorrow. You might want to check out his book, Torture and Democracy ]

Monstering

Friday, June 8th, 2007

Monstering

I heard Tara Mckelvey, the author of Monstering: Inside America’s Policy of Secret Interrogations and Torture in the Terror War, interviewed the other day, This is not a book you will joyously read but if you do, you will find it thoroughly researched through interviews with people who were once in US custody, including perhaps for the first time, women who were held in Abu Ghraib and other places.

Enhanced Interrogation

Wednesday, May 30th, 2007

The phrase “Verschärfte Vernehmung” is German for “enhanced interrogation”. Other translations include “intensified interrogation” or “sharpened interrogation”. It’s a phrase that appears to have been concocted in 1937, to describe a form of torture that would leave no marks, and hence save the embarrassment pre-war Nazi officials were experiencing as their wounded torture victims ended up in court.

Andrew Sullivan has come a long long way since his early support for the Bush War. Worth reading in its entirety

Guantanamo: A Dagger In the Heart

Saturday, March 24th, 2007

The human cage complex at U.S. held Guantanamo Bay, Cuba has been in the news lately. Two high level detainees have been brought before the military Review Board there to “determine” whether they were “enemy combatants” or not. It is not clear a question was actually involved, however. Was a finding of “not enemy combatants” possible? And if not, then what are they?

Both hearings produced transcripts which, if even partially true, were chilling. As chilling were the means and methods by which those transcripts were arrived at: beatings, deprivation, forced sleeplessness, waterboarding. The two men in question, as well as others, were only at Guantanamo because an uproar in the U.S. and internationally over secret detentions, renditions, unknown prisons had forced some transparency into the Bush system. They were moved from secret locations to Guantanamo itself. They were moved from no rule and no law at all to Rule and Law teleported from the days of the Inquisition: confessions obtained under torture — ok; accusation by unidentified witnesses — ok; no legal representation — ok.

The Bush Administration seems to have decided that in order to save democracy it must destroy it. The focus of their interest is on the legal system with all the precious protections against arbitrary search and seizure, against imprisonment for indeterminate times, without warrants, without witnesses and without sworn testimony. Americans have sent their sons and daughters to war to protect these rights. And now we are being told that “in the case of terrorists none of this counts.” And we are being told that who is a terrorist and who is not is somehow “self-evident.” We have reverted to the trials of witches: if they confess under torture the case is proved; if they don’t confess it is clear they are fanatics and terrorists.

As Slavoj Zizek points out in an opinion piece in the NY Times the normalization of torture in discussion and consideration brings us back to the middle ages. No one argues anymore in favor of rape. How is it that some in the educated elite are arguing in favor of torture?

This Guantanamo syndrome is a dagger in the heart of America. Without the guarantees of due procedure and open an public justice for all we don’t have America. We have new terrain entirely, as yet without a name but with a future projected from the shadows of the past. Even the incoming Secretary of Defense Robert Gates argued for shutting down the camp.

Mr. Gates urged that trials of terrorism suspects be moved to the United States, both to make them more credible and because Guantánamo’s continued existence hampered the broader war effort, administration officials said.

Once Argued then Given Up

He seems to have given way to Bush and his abettors for now but at least one commentator suggests that if Gonzales goes, which seems close to likely, Gates will find new allies in re-making his argument. It is an argument we all need to join.

Amnesty International has a couple of campaigns to help.

You can join their effort to end the Military Commissions Act under which the prisoners are being held and tried.

* end the use of prolonged or indefinite detention without charge or trial,
* restore the right of detainees to have the lawfulness and conditions of their detention fully reviewed by a court;
* ensure that the treatment of and conditions of detention for all detainees in US custody fully complies with international law and standards;
* abandon military commission trials, and instead use the existing ordinary courts to try any foreign nationals charged with recognizably criminal offences;


Amnesty Military Commissions Campaign

You can join their “flotilla” and on-going campaign to close Guantanamo.

[thx Carol L.]